Verificació

Client #

DNS per clients Ubuntu: #

  • Si falta alguna comanda instaleu les dnsutils
  • Procés
    1. /etc/hosts
    2. DNS resolver (/etc/resolv.conf (domain ->NO FQDN, search només domini local, nameserver (3 max ) )
    3. Tots 2 /etc/nsswitch.conf

Verificar quins són els resolvers a Ubuntu # 

systemd-resolve --status

git config --global user.email

Verificar quins són els resolvers a Ubuntu # 

resolvectl status

Configurar IP servidor DNS a ubuntu #

Netplan #
  • Has de configurar al netplan l'apartat nameservers:
    • search indica el domini dns que buscarà per defecte. En l'exemple següent si busquem www primer intentaria trobar www , sinó el troba llavors www.iescarlesvallbona.cat i en últim cas www.alternatiu.cat
    • A addresses (dintre de nameservers) indica les adresses IP dels diferents servidors DNS. Recorda que el propi servidor DNS també hauria de poder resoldre les IP dels noms que administra i , per tant , s'ha de posar ell mateix com a servidor DNS
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0:
      addresses:
        - 172.16.9.50/24
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 172.16.9.1
      nameservers:
          search: [iescarlesvallbona.cat, alternatiu.cat]
          addresses: [ 172.16.9.251, 172.16.9.252]
Si no hi ha dnsresolver #

-Si no hi ha el soft dnsresolver - Mode consola: Editar el fitxer /etc/resolv.conf i afegir una línia

"nameserver <ip-servidor-dns>"
search nomdecerca
  • Si tenim més d'un servidor DNS, n'afegim més línies nameserver.
    • En entorn gràfic, al Network Manager configurar servidors DNS separant amb comes les adreces IP dels servidors.

dig # 

	 dig www.google.es  
        ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> www.google.es
        ;; global options: +cmd
        ;; Got answer:
        ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 29489
        ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2

        ;; QUESTION SECTION:
        ;www.google.es.            IN    A

        ;; ANSWER SECTION:
        www.google.es.        54    IN    A    173.194.34.247
        www.google.es.        54    IN    A    173.194.34.248

        ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
        google.es.        81098    IN    NS    ns1.google.com.
        google.es.        81098    IN    NS    ns2.google.com.

        ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
        ns1.google.com.        166103    IN    A    216.239.32.10
        ns2.google.com.        337767    IN    A    216.239.34.10

        ;; Query time: 0 msec
        ;; SERVER: 172.16.0.1#53(172.16.0.1)
        ;; WHEN: Thu Oct 17 13:44:52 2013
        ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 141

short # 

roger@m16:~$ dig www.google.es +short
216.58.211.35

Correu / MX # 

roger@m16:~$ dig www.yahoo.com MX

; <<>> DiG 9.11.2-5-Debian <<>> www.yahoo.com MX
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 61499
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.yahoo.com.			IN	MX

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.yahoo.com.		1447	IN	CNAME	atsv2-fp-shed.wg1.b.yahoo.com.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
wg1.b.yahoo.com.	208	IN	SOA	yf1.yahoo.com. hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com. 1539243973 30 30 86400 300

;; Query time: 34 msec
;; SERVER: 208.67.222.222#53(208.67.222.222)
;; WHEN: Thu Oct 11 09:47:44 CEST 2018
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 137

roger@m16:~$ dig www.yahoo.com MX +short
atsv2-fp-shed.wg1.b.yahoo.com.

SOA # 

roger@m16:~$ dig www.yahoo.com SOA

; <<>> DiG 9.11.2-5-Debian <<>> www.yahoo.com SOA
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 15398
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.yahoo.com.			IN	SOA

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.yahoo.com.		1046	IN	CNAME	atsv2-fp-shed.wg1.b.yahoo.com.

;; Query time: 35 msec
;; SERVER: 208.67.222.222#53(208.67.222.222)
;; WHEN: Thu Oct 11 09:52:16 CEST 2018
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 76

NS # 

roger@m16:~$ dig www.yahoo.com NS

; <<>> DiG 9.11.2-5-Debian <<>> www.yahoo.com NS
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 58458
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.yahoo.com.			IN	NS

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.yahoo.com.		1048	IN	CNAME	atsv2-fp-shed.wg1.b.yahoo.com.

;; Query time: 69 msec
;; SERVER: 208.67.222.222#53(208.67.222.222)
;; WHEN: Thu Oct 11 09:54:24 CEST 2018
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 76

Tots els registres #

  • dig yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer
 roger@m16:~$  dig yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer

; <<>> DiG 9.11.2-5-Debian <<>> yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer
;; global options: +cmd
yahoo.com.		1027	IN	A	98.137.246.7
yahoo.com.		1027	IN	A	98.138.219.231
yahoo.com.		1027	IN	A	72.30.35.9
yahoo.com.		1027	IN	A	98.138.219.232
yahoo.com.		1027	IN	A	98.137.246.8
yahoo.com.		1027	IN	A	72.30.35.10
yahoo.com.		1133	IN	AAAA	2001:4998:44:41d::3
yahoo.com.		1133	IN	AAAA	2001:4998:44:41d::4
yahoo.com.		1133	IN	AAAA	2001:4998:58:1836::11
yahoo.com.		1133	IN	AAAA	2001:4998:c:1023::5
yahoo.com.		1133	IN	AAAA	2001:4998:c:1023::4
yahoo.com.		1133	IN	AAAA	2001:4998:58:1836::10
yahoo.com.		1025	IN	MX	1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.		1025	IN	MX	1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.		1025	IN	MX	1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.		132706	IN	NS	ns4.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.		132706	IN	NS	ns1.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.		132706	IN	NS	ns2.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.		132706	IN	NS	ns5.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.		132706	IN	NS	ns3.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.		579	IN	SOA	ns1.yahoo.com. hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com. 2018101107 3600 300 1814400 600
yahoo.com.		1500	IN	TXT	"v=spf1 redirect=_spf.mail.yahoo.com"
yahoo.com.		1500	IN	TXT	"facebook-domain-verification=gysqrcd69g0ej34f4jfn0huivkym1p"

nslookup # 

roger@m16:~$ nslookup www.google.es
Server:		208.67.222.222
Address:	208.67.222.222#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:	www.google.es
Address: 216.58.211.35
Name:	www.google.es
Address: 2a00:1450:4003:809::2003

NS #

  • nslookup -type=ns yahoo.com
roger@m16:~$ nslookup -type=ns yahoo.com
Server:		208.67.222.222
Address:	208.67.222.222#53

Non-authoritative answer:
yahoo.com	nameserver = ns5.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com	nameserver = ns2.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com	nameserver = ns4.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com	nameserver = ns3.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com	nameserver = ns1.yahoo.com.

SOA #

  • nslookup -type=soa yahoo.com
roger@m16:~$ nslookup -type=soa yahoo.com
Server:		208.67.222.222
Address:	208.67.222.222#53

Non-authoritative answer:
yahoo.com
	origin = ns1.yahoo.com
	mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
	serial = 2018101107
	refresh = 3600
	retry = 300
	expire = 1814400
	minimum = 600

Tots els registres #

  • nslookup -type=any yahoo.com
roger@m16:~$ nslookup -type=any yahoo.com
Server:		208.67.222.222
Address:	208.67.222.222#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:	yahoo.com
Address: 98.137.246.7
Name:	yahoo.com
Address: 98.138.219.231
Name:	yahoo.com
Address: 72.30.35.9
Name:	yahoo.com
Address: 98.138.219.232
Name:	yahoo.com
Address: 98.137.246.8
Name:	yahoo.com
Address: 72.30.35.10
Name:	yahoo.com
Address: 2001:4998:44:41d::3
Name:	yahoo.com
Address: 2001:4998:44:41d::4
Name:	yahoo.com
Address: 2001:4998:58:1836::11
Name:	yahoo.com
Address: 2001:4998:c:1023::5
Name:	yahoo.com
Address: 2001:4998:c:1023::4
Name:	yahoo.com
Address: 2001:4998:58:1836::10
yahoo.com	mail exchanger = 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com	mail exchanger = 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com	mail exchanger = 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com	nameserver = ns4.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com	nameserver = ns1.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com	nameserver = ns2.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com	nameserver = ns5.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com	nameserver = ns3.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com
	origin = ns1.yahoo.com
	mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
	serial = 2018101107
	refresh = 3600
	retry = 300
	expire = 1814400
	minimum = 600
yahoo.com	text = "v=spf1 redirect=_spf.mail.yahoo.com"
yahoo.com	text = "facebook-domain-verification=gysqrcd69g0ej34f4jfn0huivkym1p"

Debug #

  • per si hi han problemes
nslookup -debug yahoo.com

host # 

        www.google.es has address 173.194.34.247
        www.google.es has address 173.194.34.248
        www.google.es has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4003:804::1018

Resoldre noms de host (mode gràfic): # 

 Aplicacions->Eines del sistema->Administració->Eines de Xarxa. Pestanya "Cerca". Posar nom de host.

DNS per clients Windows: #

  • Configurar servidor DNS: En entorn gràfic, a la configuració de targeta de xarxa. Resoldre noms de host (consola):
        "nslookup pc1.acme.com"
        "ping pc1.acme.com"